3 research outputs found
É fake news? : como elementos do jornalismo sĂŁo utilizados para a elaboração de “notĂcias falsas”
Tornou-se fácil falar, da boca pra fora, que qualquer mentira Ă© “fake news”. Especialmente quando esse termo ganhou mais espaço entre polĂticos e na polĂtica, em especial depois das eleições norte-americanas do ano de 2016. PorĂ©m o que sĂŁo as notĂcias falsas? E mais, se Ă© notĂcia, pode ser falsa? Com o passar do tempo a comunicação, em especial o jornalismo, passou por diversas modificações, que partiram desde o surgimento da prensa (para a impressĂŁo de jornais impressos) atĂ© os dias de hoje, com a possibilidade e facilidade de cada um publicar o que achar importante. Conforme temos visto na histĂłria, todas as mudanças no jornalismo vieram acompanhadas de novas teorias e novas pesquisas. Assim foi com a notĂcia, desde o seu surgimento, atĂ© a forma como vemos ela na internet, passou por mudanças e tĂ©cnicas que a tornaram um dos principais produtos do jornalismo, já que ela está presente em todas as formas que o jornalismo se apresenta. Desta forma, essa dissertação se propõe a analisar como alguns elementos do jornalismo se fazem presentes em possĂveis notĂcias falsas. Mas para isso Ă© preciso entender como o jornalismo lida com as notĂcias antes mesmo da internet, passando por algumas modificações e como ela se apresenta nos dias atuais. Por isso Ă© preciso discutir teorias, entender o que Ă© a notĂcia e como as desordens informativas podem vir a afetar as informações que chegam atĂ© as pessoas. AtravĂ©s da escolha de sites que oferecem recursos associados a notĂcia, mas que podem, intencionalmente ou nĂŁo, desinformar. Para essa análise foram escolhidos cinco sites: PlantĂŁo Brasil, Falando Verdades, Revista FĂłrum, Pleno News e Jornal da Cidade Online. A escolha desses sites foi baseada em pesquisas já realizadas que comprovariam que os sites acima descritos estariam espalhando notĂcias falsas. Dessa forma, foram coletadas trĂŞs notĂcias de cada para a análise. Assim, foram feitas duas análises, a primeira focando a estrutura do site (cores, endereço e elementos nĂŁo-verbais do site como um todo) e a segunda de cada notĂcia (analisando os elementos textuais, a linguagem e forma de cada notĂcia). A partir disso, será possĂvel identificar e apontar elementos do jornalismo que sĂŁo utilizados por esses sites para, possivelmente, espalharem informações falsas, falsificadas ou manipuladas.It has become easy to say, from the outside, that any lie is “fake news”. Especially when that term gained more space among politicians and in politics, especially after the US elections in 2016. But what are the fake news? What's more, if it's news, can it be false? As time went by, communication, especially journalism, underwent several changes, which started from the emergence of the press (for printing printed newspapers) until today, with the possibility and ease of each one publishing what find it important. As we have seen in history, all the changes in journalism have been accompanied by new theories and new research. So it was with the news, since its emergence, until the way we see it on the internet, it went through changes and techniques that made it one of the main products of journalism, since it is present in all forms that journalism presents itself. Thus, this dissertation proposes to analyze how some elements of journalism are present in possible false news. But for that it is necessary to understand how journalism deals with news even before the internet, going through some modifications and how it presents itself today. That is why it is necessary to discuss theories, understand what the news is and how information disorders can affect the information that reaches people. Through the choice of sites that offer resources associated with the news, but that may, intentionally or not, misinform. Five sites were chosen for this analysis: PlantĂŁo Brasil, Falando Verdades, Revista FĂłrum, Pleno News and Jornal da Cidade Online. The choice of these sites was based on research already carried out that would prove that the sites described above would be spreading fake news.Thus, three news items were collected for each analysis. Thus, two analyzes were made, the first focusing on the structure of the site (colors, address and nonverbal elements of the site as a whole) and the second of each news item (analyzing the textual elements, the language and form of each news item). From this, it will be possible to identify and point out elements of journalism that are used by these sites to possibly spread false, falsified or manipulated information
Framing Covid-19: how fact-checking circulate on the Facebook far-right
This research focus on how fact-checking links circulate on Facebook groups/pages that also shared disinformation, particularly, the ones affiliated with the far-right. Through a three-step method that included content analysis, discursive analysis and social network analysis, we analyzed public 860 posts and found out that: while fact-checking does circulate on these groups, they tend to be framed as disinformation through posts on far-right ones, which we call “explicit framing”; the far-right groups tend to cluster around specific fact-checking links that are mostly shared without a framing text, but whose theme support their own ideological narrative (which we call “silent framing”) and; both explicit and silent framing tend to happen through populist discourse connections
Bolsonaro and the Far Right: How Disinformation About COVID-19 Circulates on Facebook in Brazil
This article tackles the circulation of disinformation and compares it to fact-checking links about COVID-19 on Facebook in Brazil. Through a mixed-methods approach, we use disinformation and fact-checking links provided by the International Fact-Checking Network/Poynter, which we looked for in CrowdTangle. Using this data set, we explore (1) which types of public groups/pages spread disinformation and fact-checking content on Facebook; (2) the role of political ideology in this process; and (3) the network dynamics of how disinformation and fact-checking circulate on Facebook. Our results show that disinformation tend to circulate more on political pages/groups aligned with the far right and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, on religious and conspiracy theory pages/groups and alternative (hyperpartisan) media. On the other hand, fact-checking circulates more on leftists’ pages/groups. This implicates that the discussion about COVID-19 in Brazil is influenced by a structure of asymmetric polarization, as disinformation spread is fueled by radicalized far-right groups